Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) Essay Example

Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) Paper For any non-English speaking person looking to study in an English-speaking nation, it might be necessary to take the TOEFL test online. There are several things that you can do to prepare yourself for any upcoming TOEFL dates. TOEFL Test The TOEFL test, or Test of English as a Foreign Language, is specially designed to test the ability of a student born outside of an English-speaking country to speak, read and write English at the post-secondary level. It is estimated that more than thirty million students, from every part of the world, have taken the TOEFL test online or in person in hopes of demonstrating their comprehension of the English language. The average skill level of those who have received their TOEFL results ranges from the intermediate level through to the advanced level. All individuals planning to relocate or spend any amount of time in an area that is predominately English can benefit from taking the test, however, the most common people who are seen studying for or writing the test are: Recent graduates or students looking to pursue a degree at an institution of higher learning English as a second language students Those wanting to apply for scholarships or special certification Those studying the English language who want to ability to track and monitor their progress Workers or students applying for visas Immigrants or expats who apply for, or are considering apply for, citizenship in an English-speaking country. We will write a custom essay sample on Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Nearly 15,000 universities, government agencies, and other facilities – in more than 130 countries around the globe – accept TOEFL scores for a number of different reasons, including to satisfy requirements for visa in places like Australia and the United Kingdom. The cost of the test varies, depending on the location it is being taken and there are more than fifty testing dates annually (at each authorized testing center.) Those who are unsuccessful in their initial attempt are permitted to rewrite as many times as are needed, but the test cannot be taken more than one in a twelve day timeframe. This twelve-day retake policy is very strictly enforced. The best way to prepare for the test is to practice. Outlined below you will find a number of available resources and tips to help you prepare. TOEFL Reading Practice Whether you have an upcoming test date or have just begun preparation to start the process to take the TOEFL, developing your reading skills will be formative to your success. Essentially, there are two things that you can do to give yourself a head start in developing your TOEFL reading practice.   Firstly you will read through the written passages in the TOEFL, refer to the questions and begin to think about how you would respond. Secondly, you should endeavor to read as much as possible – in English – in order to hone and improve your skill level. There is no limit or restriction to the types of books or media you can read, you might even choose to volunteer at a local hospital reading to children (as a bonus, this will also help you to perfect your TOEFL speaking practice!) TOEFL Listening Practice Unlike other aspects of the test, there is limited ‘official’ practice material related to developing your English listening skills. And, depending on where you are from, attempting to develop your language listening skills out in the world might leave you susceptible to slang or improper verbiage. For this purpose, it is often recommended that students take advantage of academic lectures or other scholarly sources in order to practice their listening skills. One of the mostly widely recommended mediums for ESL students studying for the TOEFL is any of the TED talks. Not only are they highly thought provoking, but by listening to them, students can be assured that the information they are receiving is factual and highly articulate. TOEFL Speaking Practice The TOEFL speaking practice portion of the test is the one that students look upon with the most trepidation. Students can’t simply circle the right answer, or erase the wrong one – everything they say is recorded and remains part of their final answer. Because of this, it is crucial to study – a lot! This can be achieved in a number of different ways. Unlike the listening part of the exam, there are countless ‘official’ speaking practice methods and sample exams. But, for those not wanting to invest a great deal of money into their studies, the best method of practice is, and always has been, getting out there and having real world conversations with people who speak the language fluently. This is as easy as speaking up a conversation with a neighbor or an English-speaking friend. It is recommended that anyone wishing to develop strong English proficiency practices speaking English as often as possible – and never less than two to three hours each week. More is always better. There are many opportunities to practice speaking English. This could range from casual chitchat at the local coffee shop, to a hobby like a cooking class, or even through a volunteer opportunity. The point is to immerse yourself into the language, to embrace it and to step outside of your comfort zone every time the chance presents itself. TOEFL Writing Practice Of all of the categories in the TOELF, the opportunity for ‘official’ TOEFL writing practice is likely the most prevalent.   Everywhere you look, online or in class, there is a new opportunity to improve your writing skills – even more so with the widespread popularity of social media. Now more than ever, people are communicating via written word (as a bonus, this also gives you a chance to practice your reading skills.) The challenge with social media platforms, however, is that too often they encourage us to pick up bad habits when it comes to grammar, abbreviations and certain ‘non words’ that have become popular amongst the under 30s crowd. One way to improve your writing skill, and to ensure that you are paying proper attention to things like grammar, punctuation, spelling and the like is to take a creative writing course, or to take any number of the online TOEFL practice tests. Other options include keeping a journal, something to practice writing in every day. Many students find it helpful to develop the habit of writing essays on topics that are important to them and then having a trusted advisor or teacher edit their work and review it in order to discuss areas for improvement. Online, it is possible to find an infinite list of potential TOEFL essay topics and practice exams. The trick is to read, write, speak and listen often in order to immerse yourself in the English language and expedite your learning process.

Writing A Persuasive Essay

Writing A Persuasive EssayWhen you write a persuasive essay, your first consideration will be to choose your topic. In fact, you can find many, many ways to write a persuasive essay topic. They all have their advantages and disadvantages, so you need to know which one to choose.First of all, you need to consider your audience, that is, your general audience. If you're writing for an audience of college students, then you can probably use the basics of student life: school, extracurricular activities, homework, exams, family life. If you're writing for a professional audience, then you might want to talk about politics, religion, or something completely different.Secondly, you need to decide on what sort of essay topics you will be writing. Some students will find this aspect less difficult than others, but you will get the hang of it if you take time to think about it before you begin. Just keep in mind that the more you know about your audience and the topic you're writing about, th e easier it will be for you to come up with topics that will both entertain them and persuade them.To make your writing more entertaining, you should try to use as many vivid examples as possible, and that should be your number one tip to making a good quality essay. Some students may find that a convincing argument might only work if they get every detail correct and there are some examples to back them up. However, most readers find this sort of writing boring and so you should aim to make each paragraph interesting and informative.To come up with your persuasive essay topics, you should try to be creative and then try to think of good reasons why you should believe what you are writing about. Don't forget that you will always have something to say but you will need to bring it out into words. Therefore, you should read a lot and do lots of research, but remember that you should also write in a way that will convince them.Finally, before you begin to write your persuasive essay, y ou need to outline what you will be writing about. For example, if you're writing about a politician, you'll want to ask yourself if you're writing an essay on political history or political philosophy. If you're writing about a company, you'll want to figure out what their strengths and weaknesses are. There are no hard and fast rules here, just a general guideline that you should follow.Once you've come up with your essay topics, you will need to write your article, which will generally take you about two to three weeks. By the time you have your essay finished, you should be feeling quite confident about the fact that you've written a good persuasive essay. Just make sure that you check your work thoroughly and proofread it carefully so that you don't offend anyone.So, now you know how to write a persuasive essay, it's up to you to put the ideas in your mind and write them down as clearly as you can. With practice, you should soon be able to write persuasive essays without diffic ulty.

Symbolic Interactionism Essays

Symbolic Interactionism Essays Symbolic Interactionism Paper Symbolic Interactionism Paper Symbolic Interactionism is and American branch of Sociology and its founder is George Herbert Mead. Symbolic interactionsim explains social actions in terms of the meanings that individuals give to them. They tend to focus on small-scale interactions rather than large-scale. Mead divided his studies into three core elements of symbolic interactionsim; the symbol, the self and the interaction. Symbols In Meads view, anything which humans do is essentially social and this owes to the fact that humans interact through a number of symbols, most of which are contained in a language. A symbol can define objects and events in a particular way and indicates a response to them. Symbols impose specific meanings to objects/events to avoid confusion. For example the chair can be of metal or wood, it can be used to sit or assault someone but its name it will still be chair even though it is different in each case. Symbols provide a way through which humans can interact with their natural and social environment. They are human-made and they refer to the ways in which people perceive them. Symbols are necessary to guide human interactions and behaviours. Therefore people classify the world around them so as to define both the stimuli and their response to them. Role-Taking Symbols are only useful when they are shared amongst many members of a society otherwise communication is impossible. In order to accomplish human interaction, the people must interpret the meanings and intentions of others. This is possible through common symbols and what Mead called role-taking. This process involves one person imaginatively placing themselves in the position of the person with whom they are interacting so as to understand that persons intentions. On the basis of this interpretation they will make response to the action of the other. For example when a person waves his hand, the second person interprets this gesture as a greeting or a goodbye wave so he/she waves back. Therefore human interaction can be seen as a continuous process of interpretation, with each person taking the role of the other. The Self Mead argued that through the process of role-taking individuals develop a concept of self. By placing themselves in the position of others they are able to look back upon themselves. Symbolic Interactionism How Social Order, Is Possible According To George Herbert Mead’s Symbolic Interactionism Perspective To achieve social order in society, individuals assume that they understand the modes of interactions made by other people so they conduct themselves in a calm way. People assume that they know how other people expect to be treated for instance. This in turn provides a kind of regulation of how people should behave. On a large scale, this translates to order in the society since possible conflicts are now avoided due to that mutual understanding that the other person expects me to treat him or her in a certain way for me to get the same type of treatment from them. There are certain symbols that everyone in the society relates to that connect us to other people. Language as one of these symbols enhances communication among people. Communication is a vital element of conflict resolution and in turn contributes to social order. According to Mead’s theory of Symbolic Interactionism, there are several ascribed meanings that human beings relate to irrespective of their background. There are concepts and objects that have some ascribed meanings connecting all people. An example of these is liberty. Liberty is an ideal that advocates for the freedom of people across all origins. When people from different backgrounds meet for example, they could relate to this concept as a way of identifying the similarity in their culture. This in turn contributes to social order. A merger of individual interpretations of distinct concepts and ideals also contributes to social harmony. When people gather and share their views of certain things, their minds are opened to new things that they had not thought of before. People also share their experiences of how they learnt of something the hard way and use this to advise others against doing some things. These kinds of interactions lead to understanding between people lead ing to peace and order in the society (Ridener, 2007). The Concepts of â€Å"The Self, Self-Interaction, the Development of the Self, And Symbolic Meaning Mead says that there is a special connection between the ‘self’ and the mind of any individual. During our interactions with others, we are socially developed and we give others the first impression of who we really are. Similarly, we also make first impressions of the people we talk to everyday. It is through our interactions with others that we get to understand ourselves and create an impression of ourselves. While creating an impression of ourselves, we also get to know how other people perceive us. These two perceptions of ourselves make us behave in an expected way that in turn enhances our interactions with others. Enhanced interaction leads to peace and harmony in the society (Ridener, 2007). Self-interaction refers to the way we connect what we perceive of ourselves to what other people perceive of us. We should be in a position to reconcile the two in cases where they differ from what we expect. Once an individual is at ease with what others perceive of him and what he perceives of himself, he is in a better position to be at peace with others since there is no point of conflict between him and the others. The symbolic meaning refers to the perceptions of particular concepts or objects that are shared by many people. These meanings bind people together towards a common course for example peace and cooperation. This collective nature of understanding contributes to harmony in the society. References Ridener, L. R. (2007). George Hebert Mead. In Pfeiffer.edu. Retrieved from http://media.pfeiffer.edu/lridener/dss/Mead/MINDSELF.HTML

British Literature Women Of Long Ago Essay

, Research Paper The star football participant was about to be forced off the squad because of hapless academic classs. In despair, the manager approached the Dean of the college and swore on his award that he would give the chap a concluding test in one of his topics, and if the male child didn T base on balls he would take him from the squad instantly. The dark before the large game the manager met with the male child to prove him. What, asked the manager, is the name of the first recorded piece of British Literature? Coach, replied the male child, I don t have the slightest thought. That s right! exclaimed the manager, You don t! Okay, you re in the get downing line-up tomorrow! This could be my narrative. I play sports-any sport-all sports-football, hoops, baseball you name it. The idea of my basking British Literature seems difficult for even me to believe. When faced with this assignment, I found myself in a little terror. However, much to my surprise, it wasn t all that bad. In traveling over the picks, I knew I had to take to compose about adult females, and their functions in these narratives. The fact that they were involved in sex, fraudulence, and criminal conversation had nil to make with my determination. And as Oscar Wilde said, The universe is packed with good and evil adult females. To cognize them is a in-between category instruction. I m surely a truster in that doctrine! After all, that s why I m in school. In get downing to compare and contrast the function of adult females the The Wife of Bath s Tale, by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Second Shepherd s Play, by Wakefield Master, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, by Sir Gawain, one needs to look closely at the narratives. The Wife of Bath s, narrative is a brief Arthurian love affair integrating the widespread subject of the disgusting lady. It is the narrative of a adult female as if by magic transformed into an ugly form who can be restored to her former province merely be some specific action. It besides embodies some surprising hints of the formal tradition, along with The Second Shepherd s Play, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. All three narratives seem to exemplify the transforming power of love for their work forces. Although they were are different they all showed the consequence of their love. That the true lover can non be corrupted by greed ; love makes an ugly and rude individual radiance with all beauty. They know how to indue with aristocracy even one of low birth. They can even impart humbleness to the proud. Oh, what a fantastic thing love is which makes a adult male radiance with so many virtuousnesss and which teaches everyone to abound in good imposts. You see briefly in the narrative The Wife of Bath s Tale that it deals with a lustful unmarried man of the male monarch s tribunal who raped a immature maiden. He was taken and condemned to decease ( such was the usage so ) but the male monarch, in respect to Queen Guenevere s supplications, allowed the ladies to judge him. They tell him he can salvage his life merely if a twelvemonth and a twenty-four hours subsequently he can state them what it is that adult females most desire. He wanders long without happening the reply ; he is about to return disconsolate when he comes upon an old and unusually ugly adult female. She says that if he swore to make whatever she will next ask him, she will state him the reply. He agrees and returns with reply: adult females most desire to hold sovereignty over their hubbies. Guenevere and her ladies are amazed ; they grant him his life. The old adult female than makes her demand: that he marry her. She will accept no less. On they re marrying dark ; he turns off from her. She asks him what is the affair. He answers that she is old and ugly and lowborn. The old adult female demonstrated to him that none of these affair particularly baronial birth, since true gentilesse depends on workss instead than birth. She offers him the pick: he can hold her old and ugly and faithful or immature, beautiful, and perchance unchaste. He tells her to take ; he grants her the sovereignty. When he does so she turns into a beautiful maiden, and they live thenceforth in perfect joy. That she so just was and so yong therto, For joye he hente hire in his weaponries two ; His herte bathed in a bath of blisse ; A 1000 clip arewe he gan hire kisse ( Chaucer 356 ) Even under the regulation of King Arthur and his gallant knights, adult females were at the clemency of work forces by holding the knight colza a immature amah. Immediately though, the adult females begin to weave in their doctrine. One in peculiar achieves all she wants through her nagging behaviour. She shows the queen that she can acquire the male monarch to go forth the knight s life in her custodies. Further, the undertaking given the knight by the queen, to happen out What thing it is that adult females most desiren? And if that she be disgusting, thou saist that she Coveiteth every adult male that she may see ; For as a spaniel she wol on him lepe, Til that she finde som adult male hire to chepe ( Chaucer 336 ) In professing this point of pick and giving the womanpower, the married woman shows how the knight additions both picks and both become happy together. For by my trouthe, I wol be to you bothe This is to sayn, ye bothe carnival and good And she obeyed him in every thing ( Chaucer 356 ) In The Second Shepherds Play, the narrative begins with three shepherds ( Coll, Gib, and Daw ) in a field kicking about the cold, revenue enhancements, and the cavalier intervention they got from the aristocracy. These are immoralities that are close to place for the shepherds on the Yorkshire Moors. Finally the chief character, Mak, comes along claiming to be a higher-class citizen than he truly is. The shepherds know Mak though. He has a repute as a common stealer. The shepherds are tired and lie down to kip but are wary of Mak and inquire that he sleep between them so that he could non be up to anything. Soon they fall asleep and Mak ( infixing some heathen elements ) casts a thaumaturgy enchantment over the sleeping shepherds that they may non wake up for some clip. He so gets up and bargains a random-access memory from their flocks and takes it place to his married woman Gill. Good married woman, open the hek! Sees thou non what I bring? I may thole the camion the snek. Ah, come in, my sweeting! Yea, 1000 that non rek of my long standing By the bare cervix art 1000 like for to hing. Make manner: I am worthy my meat ( Wakefield 470 ) They are hapless and intend to eat it. Gill chides him though and warns him that this wickedness will acquire him killed. She decides a program to maintain the sheep covered in a cradle so that when the shepherds come impeaching Mak and looking for their sheep they will non happen it. Gill will feign to be retrieving from childbearing and will sham that the covered lamb is re4ally their newborn kid. Mak likes this thought and returns to the sleeping shepherds to lie back between them as though nil has happened. When they arrived, Mak wakes to state them that he has dreamt that his married woman Gill has given birth to a kid. He complains how hapless they are and that his married woman is ever pregnant with another kid. He leaves them to travel and help his married woman. The shepherds split up but arrange to run into once more subsequently that afternoon. When they do run into they realize a sheep has been stolen and they suspect Mak. In the interim, Gill and Mak are fixing their str ategy. Soon the shepherds arrive at the house. Gill is groaning and Mak is feigning to sing a cradlesong to the babe. The shepher Ds search the house happening no lamb and believing that the babe under screen is truly a babe, they wish the household good and travel to go forth. . When we had long napped, me thought with a gyn A fat sheep he trapped, but he made no blare. Thy dream makes thee woode: It is but apparition, by the roode, Now God, turn all to good, If it be his will ( Wakefield 471 ) Daw returns to give the babe a buss and when he lifts the screen he discovers the truth. Gill tries to go on the prevarication by claiming that the kid was sabotaged by faeries and turned into a lamb. Mak insists it is his inheritor. Finally caught in the act and told he should be hung and Gill burned, Mak begs for like and promises neer to intrude once more. He says if he does so, so they can decapitate him. The shepherds end up merely fliping him in a cover. They shortly forget about Mak when an angel appears to them that dark, stating them of the birth of Christ. They visit Christ, and leave, sing vocals of congratulations. That is filled with His grace and have a new joy and hope in life. In The Second Shepherds Play, the beginning is really black, but is balanced out by the optimistic stoping. The writer s gap has the shepherds turn toing the blue clime, their poorness and their oppressive intervention by the aristocracy. The obvious purpose is to learn the narrative of Christ s birth, and give out a clear message of hope. He draws the regular medieval layperson in by turn toing obvious modern-day jobs. He so introduces a stock amusing figure ( Mak ) to convey amusing alleviation. By parodying the Christian narrative of the Nativity with the pathetic strategy of the stolen lamb in the cradle, the writer is able to skid in a Christian message that the mundane individual could understand. The analogue of the stolen sheep ( disguised as Mak s latest inheritor ) prevarication in a cradle and the existent Lamb of God Born in a stable among animals is obvious. In a sense, the fact that the writer reenacts the Nativity in the ludicrous strategy with a common stealer and his alcoholic married woman suggests the Christian impression that Christianity is for everybody particularly the lowly. One of the chief points, nevertheless, is the charity twice shown by the shepherds: foremost, to the supposed boy of Mak, and 2nd, to Mak and Gill when they decide to allow them off with merely the mildest of penalties. Their Acts of the Apostless of charity and forgiveness are awarded when they are invited to see the Christ kid, the incarnation of charity. Hail, autonomous Jesus, for 1000 has us sought! Hail, freely nutrient and flour, that all things was shaped! Hail, full of favor, that made all of zero! Hail! I kneel and I cower. A bird have I brought To my barn Hail, small tyne swab! ( Wakefield 480 ) In contrast, the adult females in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight place the Virgin Mary ( stand foring religious love, obeisance, celibacy, and life ) against Morgan and Bertilak s married woman ( who represent noncompliance, lust and decease ) . Bertilak s married woman is runing unassisted against Gawain in the sleeping room as the huntsman and attacker. Morgan is the provoker of the secret plan which begins the narrative, and she is strong plenty to travel into Bertilak s palace, turn him green and order him to walk and speak with a cut off hear. Lady Bertilak is seen in the Biblical function of enchantress as Eve. Gawain derives his art and bravery from his particular relationship with Mary. And at that sanctum tide He prays with all his might That Mary may be his usher Till a home comes in sight ( Gawain 203 ) Equally long as Gawain is confronting the dangers which grow out of his deal with the Green Knight, which does non prove his beliing truenesss in love, his religious religion is clear and undaunted and his art and bravery clasp. On his journey to look for the Green Knight he is beset by a figure of adversities and is eventually at the point of desperation. As he lies stop deading in the wood he prays to Mary to happen him shelter and a topographic point to state mass on Christmas Eve. She answers his supplications and leads him to Bertilak s palace. When Gawain comes to Bertilak s tribunal he is thrown into a wholly different universe. And hence sighing he said, I beseech of Thee, Lord, And Mary, 1000 mildest female parent so dried-up, Some harbourage where haply I might hear mass And thy morning prayers tomorrow-meekly I ask it, And thereto suggestion and pray my pater and ave and credo ( Gawain 203 204 ) Gawain is a knight that begins a journey toward decease with deep religion. Gawain is a adult male all entirely going to about certain decease. This journey is entirely Gawain s ; no 1 can soothe him but God, where he finds his strength. His chief concern is to make some harbourage where haply ( he ) might hear mass. The clip is near to Christmas ; Gawain s demand for a proper topographic point to pray to expose his religion, is great because of his state of affairs. He meekly asks this of Christ and Mary. Gawain s praying is closer to imploring than anything else. He implores God to steer him to shelter. He besides prays to Mary, the mildest female parent, in hopes of happening a topographic point to remain over Christmas. When he ways mildest, he most likely means the disused definition of the word, sort or gracious. Naming Mary this is a spot of desirous believing on Gawain s portion. He hopes that through God s will and Mary s generousness, he won t be praying at a stopgap commun ion table in the snow on Christmas. Gawain meekly asks for harbourage. He is far from a mild knight, but he humbles himself so highly before God, Mary, and Christ, trusting they take notice of his humbleness and reply his supplications. He needs reassurance that God knows he believes and is meriting of salvation. By praying in a proper location, Gawain could demo God his devotedness. His desirous thought is non misplaced. Despite all he has endured therefore far, Gawain remains a low retainer of the Lard. Instantaneously, his supplications are answered. In comparing and contrasting the adult females in these narratives we can see the attitudes and doctrines which were emerging and determining the functions specific to people s lives. Among there were thoughts and imposts, which had dictated highly subservient lives for adult females. One of the characters in The Wife of Bath contradicts many of these oppressive imposts and asserts her ain appraisal of the functions of adult females in society and in relationships. However, while trying to asseverate female laterality over work forces, the consequence the married woman desires is to convey work forces and adult females to a more balanced degree of power. It is the married womans purpose to demo that entry to the desires and demands of adult females does non ensue in the male being dominated. Actually, the terminal consequence is two people who are happy and secure in their love for one another and respectful of each others power. The terminal consequence in the narratives is that the twosomes become happy. They fight no more and unrecorded in peace. They understand the value of equilibrating the power in relationships. If we look behind the lives of work forces, we find history is frequently herstory. He said his supplication with suspirations, Lamenting his misbehavior ; He crosses himself, and calls On Christ in his great demand ( Gawain 204 ) 350

Are Hobbes theories of Politics on a Sicence of Human Nature as Essay

Are Hobbes theories of Politics on a Sicence of Human Nature as scientific as he might like to think - Essay Example This research will begin with the biography of Thomas Hobbes. Born in 1588, Hobbes was an English philosopher who worked extensively in political philosophy. His work was so influential that it formed the foundation for political philosophy that follows the social contract theory. The writings and viewpoints of Hobbes are often considered to be depressing and a very negative consideration of human nature and political systems as a whole. He believed that the only way for humans to survive effectively was in a society that had a sovereign who had absolute power, due to the fact that conflict is a necessary component of human nature. However, his theory was based around his knowledge and experience with society at one particular point in human history, and did not consider the possibility of sovereign power being misused. Because of this, his theories are not scientific in nature, and cannot reasonably be applied to current society. Hobbes is often considered to be the founding father of current political philosophy, and his ideas have influenced debates and discussion of human nature and politics since his own time and through to the present day. His proposal that human society requires a sovereign who has complete power and is the only source of political decision-making, is supported by few. However, many of the ideas that Hobbes presented are fascinating especially in modern times where people strive for independence and question any form of authority. Hobbes work was detailed, and he presented his proposals and theories clearly, backing them up with examinations of human nature and what he considered to drive human actions. ... There are many different approaches to this, with some people believing that human nature is purely innate, others that it is the result of choice and still others believing in a combination of the two factors. For Hobbes, his work focused primarily on how politics affected human nature, and how human nature affected politics. Hobbes was one of many theorists that forwarded the idea of an innate fixed human nature, and his viewpoint was predominantly individualistic. Hobbes’ most famous work is the Leviathan and the publication argued many of his points and theories in depth. This book set about to define what drives the actions of humans and to develop a model for their motivation and how humans can be organized into society. Specifically, much of Hobbes’ focus in the book was political Unlike many of his contemporises, Hobbes’ focus cam from his study of physics, and he believed that action in humans was result of mechanical reactions to inputs from their sense s. He considered that this came about through impulses that were guided both by instinct and human volition . Throughout his work, Hobbes deeply examines human nature and all aspects of the mind and the relationship between the mind and the body. He considers factors such as imagination, perception, reason and emotion, and uses this information to provide a basis for his political arguments. One aspect of his theory is the power of the person, which Hobbes considers to include the ability to satisfy desires both now and in the future, as well as the ability to exert control over others. He considers it is essential that a person’s power compete with the power of other people. Through his work he argues for the

Please answer two questions and i will upload the materials for the Essay

Please answer two questions and i will upload the materials for the writer - Essay Example An outsourcing website simply defined it as contracting out a non-core business to another company. (Sourcingmag.com, 2003) Countries especially in Eastern Europe are said to have well-developed human resources, and where wage costs are relatively lower. These are good conditions where one can get a vendor company to outsource business operations. (Alexandrova, n.d.) On the other hand, the same report of Prof. Alexandrova (n.d.) enumerated the risks that may occur when outsourcing certain functions of the business to these countries. Firstly, companies lose the ability to become more creative when encountering difficult business challenges. It was claimed that companies lose â€Å"competence to innovate through synergistic interactions†. (Alexandrova, n.d.) Risks are also observed when there is uneven level of technical and legal expertise between two parties in contract negotiations, as this may be possible among companies between developed and less-developed countries. There is also the risk related to the economy of the vendor country. Prof. Alexandrova (n.d.) mentioned that in transition economies in EU, these risks include those associated with exchange rates, policies related to profit repatriation, and those related to taxation. For UK companies, costs would still be the prime consideration when considering the option to outsource. There may be some social implications by resorting to outsourcing, the loss of jobs by British nationals being one. There are reports however, that claim that the benefits can outweigh the costs associated with it if outsourcing is managed well and supported by appropriate business policies. (Sourcingmag.com, 2003) The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international body composed of 157 countries with headquarters located in Geneva, Switzerland. It was established in January 1, 1995 by the

Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels :: Swift Gulliver Satire Essays

Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels Jonathan Swift’s, Gulliver’s Travels satirically relates bodily functions and physical attributes to social issues during England’s powerful rule of Europe. Throughout the story we find many relations between bodily features and British and European society. Swift uses this tone of mockery to explain to his reader the importance of many different topics during this time of European rule. Swift feels that the body and their functions relate to political as well as the ration of a society. Swift’s fascination with the body comes from its unproblematic undertone which gives his audience recognizable parallelism to many issues such as political change and scientific innovation. Gulliver’s first adventure takes place in Lilliput. Gulliver swims to a foreign shore after his boat and rowboat capsize due to a fierce storm. Washed upon the shore, Gulliver finds himself tied to the grass surrounded by little bodied people called the Lilliputians. The Lilliputians stood no more than six inches high. During this time Swift recognized that England was also a kind of six inch being that had great influence in Europe. Swift wrote Gulliver’s Travel’s during a time when Europe was the worlds most dominant and influential force. England, despite its small size, had the potential to defeat any nation that might try to conquer them. Swift relates this phenomenon to the small stature of the Lilliputians. They stood a mere six inches high but had the power to siege the mammoth Gulliver. The capability of a nation consisting of miniature people, who are able to capture someone ten-times their size can be seen as reinforcing the capability of a small natio n, such as England, becoming and remaining a great power. Even though this is true, Swift entices a condescending tone to Gulliver’s portrayal of the small Lilliputians, who easily fit into the hands of Gulliver, yet still manage to threaten his life. Even though the Lilliputians are piteously small in Gulliver’s eyes, they do not see themselves the same way. To themselves, the Lilliputians feel they are normal and Gulliver remains the outlandish giant. The unexpected infringement of giant Gulliver into the Lilliputians well-developed society reminds the European society, that size and strength are always relative, and there is no way for Europe to be certain that a Gulliver-like giant, might not arrive and conquer them at any moment. This encounter, between Gulliver and the Lilliputians would put Europe’s confidence in its power in jeopardy.