British Literature Women Of Long Ago Essay

, Research Paper The star football participant was about to be forced off the squad because of hapless academic classs. In despair, the manager approached the Dean of the college and swore on his award that he would give the chap a concluding test in one of his topics, and if the male child didn T base on balls he would take him from the squad instantly. The dark before the large game the manager met with the male child to prove him. What, asked the manager, is the name of the first recorded piece of British Literature? Coach, replied the male child, I don t have the slightest thought. That s right! exclaimed the manager, You don t! Okay, you re in the get downing line-up tomorrow! This could be my narrative. I play sports-any sport-all sports-football, hoops, baseball you name it. The idea of my basking British Literature seems difficult for even me to believe. When faced with this assignment, I found myself in a little terror. However, much to my surprise, it wasn t all that bad. In traveling over the picks, I knew I had to take to compose about adult females, and their functions in these narratives. The fact that they were involved in sex, fraudulence, and criminal conversation had nil to make with my determination. And as Oscar Wilde said, The universe is packed with good and evil adult females. To cognize them is a in-between category instruction. I m surely a truster in that doctrine! After all, that s why I m in school. In get downing to compare and contrast the function of adult females the The Wife of Bath s Tale, by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Second Shepherd s Play, by Wakefield Master, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, by Sir Gawain, one needs to look closely at the narratives. The Wife of Bath s, narrative is a brief Arthurian love affair integrating the widespread subject of the disgusting lady. It is the narrative of a adult female as if by magic transformed into an ugly form who can be restored to her former province merely be some specific action. It besides embodies some surprising hints of the formal tradition, along with The Second Shepherd s Play, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. All three narratives seem to exemplify the transforming power of love for their work forces. Although they were are different they all showed the consequence of their love. That the true lover can non be corrupted by greed ; love makes an ugly and rude individual radiance with all beauty. They know how to indue with aristocracy even one of low birth. They can even impart humbleness to the proud. Oh, what a fantastic thing love is which makes a adult male radiance with so many virtuousnesss and which teaches everyone to abound in good imposts. You see briefly in the narrative The Wife of Bath s Tale that it deals with a lustful unmarried man of the male monarch s tribunal who raped a immature maiden. He was taken and condemned to decease ( such was the usage so ) but the male monarch, in respect to Queen Guenevere s supplications, allowed the ladies to judge him. They tell him he can salvage his life merely if a twelvemonth and a twenty-four hours subsequently he can state them what it is that adult females most desire. He wanders long without happening the reply ; he is about to return disconsolate when he comes upon an old and unusually ugly adult female. She says that if he swore to make whatever she will next ask him, she will state him the reply. He agrees and returns with reply: adult females most desire to hold sovereignty over their hubbies. Guenevere and her ladies are amazed ; they grant him his life. The old adult female than makes her demand: that he marry her. She will accept no less. On they re marrying dark ; he turns off from her. She asks him what is the affair. He answers that she is old and ugly and lowborn. The old adult female demonstrated to him that none of these affair particularly baronial birth, since true gentilesse depends on workss instead than birth. She offers him the pick: he can hold her old and ugly and faithful or immature, beautiful, and perchance unchaste. He tells her to take ; he grants her the sovereignty. When he does so she turns into a beautiful maiden, and they live thenceforth in perfect joy. That she so just was and so yong therto, For joye he hente hire in his weaponries two ; His herte bathed in a bath of blisse ; A 1000 clip arewe he gan hire kisse ( Chaucer 356 ) Even under the regulation of King Arthur and his gallant knights, adult females were at the clemency of work forces by holding the knight colza a immature amah. Immediately though, the adult females begin to weave in their doctrine. One in peculiar achieves all she wants through her nagging behaviour. She shows the queen that she can acquire the male monarch to go forth the knight s life in her custodies. Further, the undertaking given the knight by the queen, to happen out What thing it is that adult females most desiren? And if that she be disgusting, thou saist that she Coveiteth every adult male that she may see ; For as a spaniel she wol on him lepe, Til that she finde som adult male hire to chepe ( Chaucer 336 ) In professing this point of pick and giving the womanpower, the married woman shows how the knight additions both picks and both become happy together. For by my trouthe, I wol be to you bothe This is to sayn, ye bothe carnival and good And she obeyed him in every thing ( Chaucer 356 ) In The Second Shepherds Play, the narrative begins with three shepherds ( Coll, Gib, and Daw ) in a field kicking about the cold, revenue enhancements, and the cavalier intervention they got from the aristocracy. These are immoralities that are close to place for the shepherds on the Yorkshire Moors. Finally the chief character, Mak, comes along claiming to be a higher-class citizen than he truly is. The shepherds know Mak though. He has a repute as a common stealer. The shepherds are tired and lie down to kip but are wary of Mak and inquire that he sleep between them so that he could non be up to anything. Soon they fall asleep and Mak ( infixing some heathen elements ) casts a thaumaturgy enchantment over the sleeping shepherds that they may non wake up for some clip. He so gets up and bargains a random-access memory from their flocks and takes it place to his married woman Gill. Good married woman, open the hek! Sees thou non what I bring? I may thole the camion the snek. Ah, come in, my sweeting! Yea, 1000 that non rek of my long standing By the bare cervix art 1000 like for to hing. Make manner: I am worthy my meat ( Wakefield 470 ) They are hapless and intend to eat it. Gill chides him though and warns him that this wickedness will acquire him killed. She decides a program to maintain the sheep covered in a cradle so that when the shepherds come impeaching Mak and looking for their sheep they will non happen it. Gill will feign to be retrieving from childbearing and will sham that the covered lamb is re4ally their newborn kid. Mak likes this thought and returns to the sleeping shepherds to lie back between them as though nil has happened. When they arrived, Mak wakes to state them that he has dreamt that his married woman Gill has given birth to a kid. He complains how hapless they are and that his married woman is ever pregnant with another kid. He leaves them to travel and help his married woman. The shepherds split up but arrange to run into once more subsequently that afternoon. When they do run into they realize a sheep has been stolen and they suspect Mak. In the interim, Gill and Mak are fixing their str ategy. Soon the shepherds arrive at the house. Gill is groaning and Mak is feigning to sing a cradlesong to the babe. The shepher Ds search the house happening no lamb and believing that the babe under screen is truly a babe, they wish the household good and travel to go forth. . When we had long napped, me thought with a gyn A fat sheep he trapped, but he made no blare. Thy dream makes thee woode: It is but apparition, by the roode, Now God, turn all to good, If it be his will ( Wakefield 471 ) Daw returns to give the babe a buss and when he lifts the screen he discovers the truth. Gill tries to go on the prevarication by claiming that the kid was sabotaged by faeries and turned into a lamb. Mak insists it is his inheritor. Finally caught in the act and told he should be hung and Gill burned, Mak begs for like and promises neer to intrude once more. He says if he does so, so they can decapitate him. The shepherds end up merely fliping him in a cover. They shortly forget about Mak when an angel appears to them that dark, stating them of the birth of Christ. They visit Christ, and leave, sing vocals of congratulations. That is filled with His grace and have a new joy and hope in life. In The Second Shepherds Play, the beginning is really black, but is balanced out by the optimistic stoping. The writer s gap has the shepherds turn toing the blue clime, their poorness and their oppressive intervention by the aristocracy. The obvious purpose is to learn the narrative of Christ s birth, and give out a clear message of hope. He draws the regular medieval layperson in by turn toing obvious modern-day jobs. He so introduces a stock amusing figure ( Mak ) to convey amusing alleviation. By parodying the Christian narrative of the Nativity with the pathetic strategy of the stolen lamb in the cradle, the writer is able to skid in a Christian message that the mundane individual could understand. The analogue of the stolen sheep ( disguised as Mak s latest inheritor ) prevarication in a cradle and the existent Lamb of God Born in a stable among animals is obvious. In a sense, the fact that the writer reenacts the Nativity in the ludicrous strategy with a common stealer and his alcoholic married woman suggests the Christian impression that Christianity is for everybody particularly the lowly. One of the chief points, nevertheless, is the charity twice shown by the shepherds: foremost, to the supposed boy of Mak, and 2nd, to Mak and Gill when they decide to allow them off with merely the mildest of penalties. Their Acts of the Apostless of charity and forgiveness are awarded when they are invited to see the Christ kid, the incarnation of charity. Hail, autonomous Jesus, for 1000 has us sought! Hail, freely nutrient and flour, that all things was shaped! Hail, full of favor, that made all of zero! Hail! I kneel and I cower. A bird have I brought To my barn Hail, small tyne swab! ( Wakefield 480 ) In contrast, the adult females in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight place the Virgin Mary ( stand foring religious love, obeisance, celibacy, and life ) against Morgan and Bertilak s married woman ( who represent noncompliance, lust and decease ) . Bertilak s married woman is runing unassisted against Gawain in the sleeping room as the huntsman and attacker. Morgan is the provoker of the secret plan which begins the narrative, and she is strong plenty to travel into Bertilak s palace, turn him green and order him to walk and speak with a cut off hear. Lady Bertilak is seen in the Biblical function of enchantress as Eve. Gawain derives his art and bravery from his particular relationship with Mary. And at that sanctum tide He prays with all his might That Mary may be his usher Till a home comes in sight ( Gawain 203 ) Equally long as Gawain is confronting the dangers which grow out of his deal with the Green Knight, which does non prove his beliing truenesss in love, his religious religion is clear and undaunted and his art and bravery clasp. On his journey to look for the Green Knight he is beset by a figure of adversities and is eventually at the point of desperation. As he lies stop deading in the wood he prays to Mary to happen him shelter and a topographic point to state mass on Christmas Eve. She answers his supplications and leads him to Bertilak s palace. When Gawain comes to Bertilak s tribunal he is thrown into a wholly different universe. And hence sighing he said, I beseech of Thee, Lord, And Mary, 1000 mildest female parent so dried-up, Some harbourage where haply I might hear mass And thy morning prayers tomorrow-meekly I ask it, And thereto suggestion and pray my pater and ave and credo ( Gawain 203 204 ) Gawain is a knight that begins a journey toward decease with deep religion. Gawain is a adult male all entirely going to about certain decease. This journey is entirely Gawain s ; no 1 can soothe him but God, where he finds his strength. His chief concern is to make some harbourage where haply ( he ) might hear mass. The clip is near to Christmas ; Gawain s demand for a proper topographic point to pray to expose his religion, is great because of his state of affairs. He meekly asks this of Christ and Mary. Gawain s praying is closer to imploring than anything else. He implores God to steer him to shelter. He besides prays to Mary, the mildest female parent, in hopes of happening a topographic point to remain over Christmas. When he ways mildest, he most likely means the disused definition of the word, sort or gracious. Naming Mary this is a spot of desirous believing on Gawain s portion. He hopes that through God s will and Mary s generousness, he won t be praying at a stopgap commun ion table in the snow on Christmas. Gawain meekly asks for harbourage. He is far from a mild knight, but he humbles himself so highly before God, Mary, and Christ, trusting they take notice of his humbleness and reply his supplications. He needs reassurance that God knows he believes and is meriting of salvation. By praying in a proper location, Gawain could demo God his devotedness. His desirous thought is non misplaced. Despite all he has endured therefore far, Gawain remains a low retainer of the Lard. Instantaneously, his supplications are answered. In comparing and contrasting the adult females in these narratives we can see the attitudes and doctrines which were emerging and determining the functions specific to people s lives. Among there were thoughts and imposts, which had dictated highly subservient lives for adult females. One of the characters in The Wife of Bath contradicts many of these oppressive imposts and asserts her ain appraisal of the functions of adult females in society and in relationships. However, while trying to asseverate female laterality over work forces, the consequence the married woman desires is to convey work forces and adult females to a more balanced degree of power. It is the married womans purpose to demo that entry to the desires and demands of adult females does non ensue in the male being dominated. Actually, the terminal consequence is two people who are happy and secure in their love for one another and respectful of each others power. The terminal consequence in the narratives is that the twosomes become happy. They fight no more and unrecorded in peace. They understand the value of equilibrating the power in relationships. If we look behind the lives of work forces, we find history is frequently herstory. He said his supplication with suspirations, Lamenting his misbehavior ; He crosses himself, and calls On Christ in his great demand ( Gawain 204 ) 350

Are Hobbes theories of Politics on a Sicence of Human Nature as Essay

Are Hobbes theories of Politics on a Sicence of Human Nature as scientific as he might like to think - Essay Example This research will begin with the biography of Thomas Hobbes. Born in 1588, Hobbes was an English philosopher who worked extensively in political philosophy. His work was so influential that it formed the foundation for political philosophy that follows the social contract theory. The writings and viewpoints of Hobbes are often considered to be depressing and a very negative consideration of human nature and political systems as a whole. He believed that the only way for humans to survive effectively was in a society that had a sovereign who had absolute power, due to the fact that conflict is a necessary component of human nature. However, his theory was based around his knowledge and experience with society at one particular point in human history, and did not consider the possibility of sovereign power being misused. Because of this, his theories are not scientific in nature, and cannot reasonably be applied to current society. Hobbes is often considered to be the founding father of current political philosophy, and his ideas have influenced debates and discussion of human nature and politics since his own time and through to the present day. His proposal that human society requires a sovereign who has complete power and is the only source of political decision-making, is supported by few. However, many of the ideas that Hobbes presented are fascinating especially in modern times where people strive for independence and question any form of authority. Hobbes work was detailed, and he presented his proposals and theories clearly, backing them up with examinations of human nature and what he considered to drive human actions. ... There are many different approaches to this, with some people believing that human nature is purely innate, others that it is the result of choice and still others believing in a combination of the two factors. For Hobbes, his work focused primarily on how politics affected human nature, and how human nature affected politics. Hobbes was one of many theorists that forwarded the idea of an innate fixed human nature, and his viewpoint was predominantly individualistic. Hobbes’ most famous work is the Leviathan and the publication argued many of his points and theories in depth. This book set about to define what drives the actions of humans and to develop a model for their motivation and how humans can be organized into society. Specifically, much of Hobbes’ focus in the book was political Unlike many of his contemporises, Hobbes’ focus cam from his study of physics, and he believed that action in humans was result of mechanical reactions to inputs from their sense s. He considered that this came about through impulses that were guided both by instinct and human volition . Throughout his work, Hobbes deeply examines human nature and all aspects of the mind and the relationship between the mind and the body. He considers factors such as imagination, perception, reason and emotion, and uses this information to provide a basis for his political arguments. One aspect of his theory is the power of the person, which Hobbes considers to include the ability to satisfy desires both now and in the future, as well as the ability to exert control over others. He considers it is essential that a person’s power compete with the power of other people. Through his work he argues for the

Please answer two questions and i will upload the materials for the Essay

Please answer two questions and i will upload the materials for the writer - Essay Example An outsourcing website simply defined it as contracting out a non-core business to another company. (Sourcingmag.com, 2003) Countries especially in Eastern Europe are said to have well-developed human resources, and where wage costs are relatively lower. These are good conditions where one can get a vendor company to outsource business operations. (Alexandrova, n.d.) On the other hand, the same report of Prof. Alexandrova (n.d.) enumerated the risks that may occur when outsourcing certain functions of the business to these countries. Firstly, companies lose the ability to become more creative when encountering difficult business challenges. It was claimed that companies lose â€Å"competence to innovate through synergistic interactions†. (Alexandrova, n.d.) Risks are also observed when there is uneven level of technical and legal expertise between two parties in contract negotiations, as this may be possible among companies between developed and less-developed countries. There is also the risk related to the economy of the vendor country. Prof. Alexandrova (n.d.) mentioned that in transition economies in EU, these risks include those associated with exchange rates, policies related to profit repatriation, and those related to taxation. For UK companies, costs would still be the prime consideration when considering the option to outsource. There may be some social implications by resorting to outsourcing, the loss of jobs by British nationals being one. There are reports however, that claim that the benefits can outweigh the costs associated with it if outsourcing is managed well and supported by appropriate business policies. (Sourcingmag.com, 2003) The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international body composed of 157 countries with headquarters located in Geneva, Switzerland. It was established in January 1, 1995 by the

Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels :: Swift Gulliver Satire Essays

Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels Jonathan Swift’s, Gulliver’s Travels satirically relates bodily functions and physical attributes to social issues during England’s powerful rule of Europe. Throughout the story we find many relations between bodily features and British and European society. Swift uses this tone of mockery to explain to his reader the importance of many different topics during this time of European rule. Swift feels that the body and their functions relate to political as well as the ration of a society. Swift’s fascination with the body comes from its unproblematic undertone which gives his audience recognizable parallelism to many issues such as political change and scientific innovation. Gulliver’s first adventure takes place in Lilliput. Gulliver swims to a foreign shore after his boat and rowboat capsize due to a fierce storm. Washed upon the shore, Gulliver finds himself tied to the grass surrounded by little bodied people called the Lilliputians. The Lilliputians stood no more than six inches high. During this time Swift recognized that England was also a kind of six inch being that had great influence in Europe. Swift wrote Gulliver’s Travel’s during a time when Europe was the worlds most dominant and influential force. England, despite its small size, had the potential to defeat any nation that might try to conquer them. Swift relates this phenomenon to the small stature of the Lilliputians. They stood a mere six inches high but had the power to siege the mammoth Gulliver. The capability of a nation consisting of miniature people, who are able to capture someone ten-times their size can be seen as reinforcing the capability of a small natio n, such as England, becoming and remaining a great power. Even though this is true, Swift entices a condescending tone to Gulliver’s portrayal of the small Lilliputians, who easily fit into the hands of Gulliver, yet still manage to threaten his life. Even though the Lilliputians are piteously small in Gulliver’s eyes, they do not see themselves the same way. To themselves, the Lilliputians feel they are normal and Gulliver remains the outlandish giant. The unexpected infringement of giant Gulliver into the Lilliputians well-developed society reminds the European society, that size and strength are always relative, and there is no way for Europe to be certain that a Gulliver-like giant, might not arrive and conquer them at any moment. This encounter, between Gulliver and the Lilliputians would put Europe’s confidence in its power in jeopardy.

What Being American Meant In 1780

In 1780, the notion of being American meant different things depending on one’s identity. To Thomas Jefferson, among the architects of the new nation, it meant deserving one’s liberty, and he believed that certain people were ill-suited for what he considered the demands of an enlightened society.In particular, he believed blacks and whites could never coexist because of slavery’s legacy, citing: â€Å"Deep-rooted prejudices entertained by whites [and] ten thousand recollections, by the blacks, of the injuries they have sustained† (Binder, 1968, p.  55-56). In addition, he considered them intellectually inferior.He considered America an improvement over other nations, and while he felt ambivalent about slavery and sympathetic toward blacks, he did not envision a multiracial America. For poet Phyllis Wheatley, an African-American who spent years in slavery and lived in poverty, being an American meant barriers and contradictions based on race. Wheatley, w hose poetry Jefferson thought â€Å"below the dignity of criticism† (Robinson, 1982, pp.42-43), was well aware of America’s racial contradictions (a nominally free nation which still embraced slavery) but nonetheless asked white America for tolerance and acceptance. In â€Å"On being Brought from Africa to America,† the narrator is optimistic about America and grateful for being part if it – â€Å"’Twas mercy brought me from my Pagan land† – but also admits, â€Å"Some view our sable race with scornful eye, /’There colour is a diabolic die’† (Robinson, 1975, p. 60). However, her closing appeal is not for liberty and full equality, but simply a reminder that blacks can at least be equal as Christians, in God’s eyes.To Jefferson, part of America’s elite, being American meant freedom for those who met his standards, while Wheatley, aware of America’s racial situation, makes an appeal for at least spiritual equality. Being American meant being free – though race was used as a means of denying freedom to all. REFERENCES Binder, F. M. (1968). The Color Problem in Early National America. Paris: Mouton. Robinson, W. H. (1975). Phyllis Wheatley in the Black American Beginnings. Detroit: Broadside Press. Robinson, W. H. (1982). Critical Essays of Phyllis Wheatley. Boston: G. K. Hall and Company

What Makes a Ruler a Dictator Definition and List of Dictators

A dictator is a political leader who rules over a country with absolute and unlimited power. Countries ruled by dictators are called dictatorships. First applied to magistrates of the ancient Roman Republic who were granted extraordinary powers temporarily to deal with emergencies, modern dictators from Adolf Hitler to Kim Jong-un, are considered some of the most ruthless and dangerous rulers in history.   Key Takeaways: Dictator Definition A dictator is a government leader who rules with unquestioned and unlimited power.  Today, the term â€Å"dictator† is associated with cruel and oppressive rulers who violate human rights and maintain their power by jailing and executing their opponents.  Dictators typically come to power through the use of military force or political deceit and systematically limit or deny basic civil liberties. Dictator Definition: What Makes a ‘Ruler’ a ‘Dictator?’   Similar to â€Å"tyrant† and â€Å"autocrat,† the term â€Å"dictator† has come to refer to rulers who exercise oppressive, cruel, even abusive power over the people. In this sense, dictators should not be confused with constitutional monarchs like kings and queens who come to power through a hereditary line of succession.   Holding complete power over the armed forces, dictators eliminate all opposition to their rule. Dictators typically use military force or political deceit to gain power, which they maintain through terror, coercion, and the elimination of basic civil liberties. Often charismatic by nature, dictators tend to employ techniques such as gaslighting and bombastic mass propaganda to stir cult-like feelings of support and nationalism among the people.   While dictators may hold strong political views and be supported by organized political movements, like communism, they may also be apolitical, motivated only by personal ambition or greed.   Dictators Throughout History   As it was first used in the ancient city-state of Rome, the term â€Å"dictator† was not derogatory as it is now. The early Roman dictators were revered judges or â€Å"magistrates† who were given absolute power for a limited time to deal with social or political emergencies. Modern dictators are compared more to the many tyrants who ruled Ancient Greece and Sparta during the 12th–9th centuries BCE.   As the prevalence of monarchies declined during the 19th and 20th centuries, dictatorships and constitutional democracies became the predominant forms of government worldwide. Similarly, the role and methods of dictators changed over time. During the 19th century, various dictators came to power in Latin American countries as they became independent of Spain. These dictators, like Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna in Mexico and Juan Manuel de Rosas in Argentina, typically raised private armies to take power from weak new national governments.   Characterized by Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany and Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union, the totalitarian and fascist dictators who rose to power during the first half of the 20th century were significantly different from the authoritarian rulers of postcolonial Latin America. These modern dictators tended to be charismatic individuals who rallied the people to support the ideology of a single political party like the Nazi or communist parties. Using fear and propaganda to stifle public dissent, they harnessed modern technology to direct their country’s economy to build ever-more-powerful military forces. After World War II, the weakened governments of several countries in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa fell to Soviet-style communist dictators. Some of these dictators posed as hastily â€Å"elected† presidents or prime ministers who established autocratic single-party rule by quashing all opposition. Others simply used brute force to established military dictatorships. Marked by the collapse of the Soviet Union itself in 1991, most of these communist dictatorships had fallen by the end of the 20th century. Throughout history, even some fully constitutional governments have temporarily granted their executives extraordinary dictator-like powers during times of crisis. The dictatorships of Adolph Hitler in Germany and Benito Mussolini in Italy began under proclamations of emergency rule. During World War II, both the United States and Great Britain granted their executives extensive extra-constitutional emergency powers that were terminated with the declaration of peace.   List of Dictators   While thousands of dictators have come and gone, these notable dictators are best-known for their cruelty, unflinching authority, and strict suppression of opposition.   Adolf Hitler Creator and leader of the Nazi Party, Adolf Hitler was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Fà ¼hrer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As the imperialistic dictator of Nazi Germany, Hitler was primarily responsible for World War II in Europe and ordered the Holocaust, which resulted in the mass murder of some six million European Jews between 1941 and 1945. Benito Mussolini World War II ally of Adolph Hitler, Benito Mussolini ruled Italy as prime minister from 1922 until 1943. In 1925, Mussolini vacated the Italian constitution, eliminated all forms of democracy, and declared himself â€Å"Il Duce,† the legal fascist dictator of Italy. A law passed in 1925 changed Mussolini’s formal title from â€Å"President of the Council of Ministers† to â€Å"Head of the Government,† and removed virtually all limitations on his power, making him the de-facto dictator of Italy. Joseph Stalin   Joseph Stalin served as secretary-general of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and premier of the Soviet state from 1922 to 1953. During his quarter century of dictatorial rule, Stalin turned the Soviet Union into one of the world’s superpowers by seizing and exercising perhaps the greatest political power of any other political leader in history. Augusto Pinochet On September 11, 1973, Chilean general Augusto Pinochet, with the backing of the United States, led a military coup d’à ©tat that replaced the socialist government of President Salvador Allende. Pinochet went on to head Chile’s military government until 1990. During his dictatorial reign, over 3,000 of Pinochet’s opponents were executed and thousands more tortured. Francisco Franco General Francisco Franco ruled Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975. After winning the Spanish Civil War (1936 to 1939), Franco established a fascist military dictatorship, proclaimed himself Head of State, and outlawed all other political parties. Using forced labor and tens of thousands of executions, Franco ruthlessly repressed his political opponents.   Fulgencio Batista Fulgencio Batista ruled Cuba twice—from 1933 to 1944 as an effective elected president, and from 1952 to 1959 as a brutal dictator. After taking control of the Congress, the press, and the university system, Batista jailed and executed thousands of his opponents, and embezzled a fortune for himself and his allies. Though Cuba held â€Å"free† presidential elections in 1954 and 1958, Batista was the only candidate. He was ousted in December 1958 in the Cuban Revolution by rebel forces under Fidel Castro. Idi Amin Idi â€Å"Big Daddy† Amin was the third president of Uganda, ruling from 1971 to 1979. His dictatorial reign was marked by the persecution and genocide of certain ethnic groups and political opponents. International human rights groups have estimated that as many as 500,000 people were killed by his regime, earning Idi Amin the nickname â€Å"The Butcher of Uganda.†Ã‚   Saddam Hussein Known as â€Å"The Butcher of Baghdad,† Saddam Hussein was the president of Iraq from 1979 to 2003. Condemned for his extreme brutality in suppressing opposition, Hussein’s security forces killed an estimated 250,000 Iraqis in various purges and genocides. After being ousted by the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in April 2003, Hussein was tried and found guilty of crimes against humanity by an international court. He was executed by hanging on December 30, 2006. Kim Jong-un Kim Jong-un became the unelected supreme leader of North Korea in 2011, succeeding his equally dictatorial father Kim Jong-il. While Kim Jong-un has implemented minor economic and social reforms, reports of human rights violations and brutal treatment of his opponents have marked his reign. In December 2013, Kim had his uncle and suspected coup d’à ©tat threat Jang Song-Thaek publicly executed, stating that he had â€Å"removed the scum† from the Korean Workers’ Party. Kim has also expanded North Korea’s nuclear weapons program despite international objections. Since coming to power, he has broken all diplomatic ties with South Korea and threatened nuclear war against his neighbors and the United States.   Sources and Further Reference â€Å"Dictatorship.† Encyclopaedia Britannica.  Coppa, Frank J. (2006). â€Å"Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators: From Napoleon to the Present.† Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-5010-0.Kayla Webley. â€Å"Top 15 Toppled Dictators.† Time Magazine. (October 20, 2011).  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Former Chilean army chief charged over 1973 killing of activists.† The Guardian. July 8, 2016.Nebehay, Stephanie. â€Å"U.N.’s Pillay says may be crimes against humanity in North Korea.† Reuters. (January 2013).

Freedom Of Speech In Film Industry - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 722 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/17 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Freedom of Speech Essay Did you like this example? Laws concerning to limit the audio-media programming is completely impractical. Even though it will help the nations to protect its culture and to oppose the outside filmmakers and their organizations to influence the nations cultures. High output movie industries are like invasive species that will affect local industries, but it is highly impossible that it will not have any effect on the set of rules and regulations in the present period of trendsetting inventions with the ongoing modernizations in the technology. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Freedom Of Speech In Film Industry" essay for you Create order China has a law in place that says that foreign films need to feature China and Chinese artists to be released in China which is a huge market. It seems practical why nations have put restrictions on the number of movies and motion pictures being distributed. By doing is it will assist local film producers to gain market for their films and will give market to the nations Celebs. Additionally, it will help protect the original culture of the country and will narrow the impact of outside movies. In Cuba, there is a complete shutdown of outside media, but people have found a way to smuggle in hard drives into the country with the latest movies and TV shows. Some radio or televisions broadcastings can be taken into consideration like the content which they are displaying will be proper for that particular nation but for others that might be inconsiderate as everyone from that nation will be hearing or watching that content which considers teenagers and adults and while growing up they may make wrong choices by what the watch on the televisions or heard from the radio. The expansion of online media, in my opinion, will not affect local creators as it involves jumping through more hoops to get to the content. The law to limit the audio-visual programming as of now is critical. As in the present time of technology and invention it is difficult to put in the efforts to control people from the country from using internet to watch the videos or shows which are being restricted, internet is of great use to the individuals to break these laws. Different kinds of softwares are being used to play around with the VPNs or Proxy Servers which gives choices to the citizens to remove the obstructions of what they can or cannot watch. Examples of VPNs being used is that a lot of time there is an illegal download of movies, songs or any type of digital media and that will make it exponentially harder to follow and track. Because of this the movies which are on restrictions or are banned by the government are also being viewed. Companies also have a list of boycotted IP addresses to which they have restricted their employees to go or search for. But due the emerging technology they can also be easily avoided with the use of VPNs, as it will cover the real IP with a virtua l IP that is being used in the other part of the world. One Example of it is that you can mask your IP address to hide your location history when you are using social media applications where they track your accurate locations, by doing so the IP address will not show the current location but ii will allow to use a location where you are not present. The use of proxy servers is so widespread that there is no stopping for them, they are hard to trace and extremely hard to block. However, a free exchange of ideas is important since competition brings about improvement. Laws and restrictions being applied will not intimidate people in todays upcoming tech savvy world to stop the use of the modern technology. As it is completely out of control to stop an individual from watching or hearing to the broadcasting being made it will be great if they are being taught of what is good and bad for playing a short video before movies to let them know what content is going to be displayed on the screen. An example how the movies have the ratings of PG-13 or R where you can distinguish of whether it is a family movie or an adult movie. Doing this will help the government to let their citizens distinguish between which content is appropriate for them and which is not.